Sistemas de organização do conhecimento para domínios complexos: abordagem a canções populares na web semântica utilizando propriedades fuzzy

Abstract

Contemporary science has been faced with the need of new approaches, able to overcome the constraints resulting from the traditional scientific thought of cartesian inspiration and that postulates: the clear and unambiguous separation of objects in the world; the possibility of division of the hole into smaller parts; the problem solving from the smaller parts; the guarantee of full recovery of the totality from the connection of the parties. Theories of complex thinking has been developed as alternatives to this simplifying model in order to show its limitations and offer approach methods compatible with this new paradigm. This research investigates the basis for the conception of an knowledge organization systems capable of dealing with complex domains, identifying the foundation of its formulation in authors as comte de Buffon and Ranganathan. The overcoming of dichotomies and of the teleological notion of knowledge is investigated from a semiotic approach, based on symbolic representation of knowledge, from Ernst Cassirer works, and based on the use of the notion of boundaries, by Gilles Deleuze, and of dispositif, by Michel Foucault. The complex method proposed by Edgar Morin is the methodological approach for the application of tensive schematism proposed by Viggo Brøndal. The formulation of an organization knowledge system able to address complex domains is based on a double displacement: the first one consist in the recognition of the primacy of recovery in relation to the representation in organizational systems of knowledge, hypothesis advocated since the 1950s by researchers as Jesse Shera and later by Brian Vickery. The second displacement concerns to the basic unit of treatable knowledge, that is no longer the notion of concept – hierarchical, dichotomous, with its well defined boundaries and which belonging is reduced to a binary relationship, of true or false value - to become the infocommunicational dispositif – with its immanent relations, potentially roll away to infinity, with overlapping and mutually interfering boundaries and with its belonging measurable in degrees. The use of mathematical and technological tools and languages, such as fuzzy logic and the semantic web, enabled the practical achievement of this approach, which was empirically applied in the domain of Brazilian popular songs. This complex domain, endowed with its own language (the song’s language) has shown the inadequacy of traditional approaches based on metadata or collaborative classification methods and revealed to be successful by allowing a multi-dimensional approach of knowledge, considering it not as a finished product in itself, but emphasizing its dynamic character as process which the construction is of social and historical nature.