Práticas de comunicação científica: um estudo exploratório a partir da Escola de Tradutores de Toledo nos séculos XII a XIII

Abstract

Exploratory study of scientific knowledge communication practices that could be considered as previous to the scientific communication channels in the XVII century. The study of changes in the register and transmission of knowledge support are studied in order to better understand the issues addressed to the question. Taking the Toledo School of Translation as a starting point, two distinct moments are established: the period under the rule of archbishop Don Raymond (1125- 1152) and the second under the patronage of Alfonso X (1252-1284), both analyzed through the use of vernacular language as a mean to disseminate scientific knowledge; the groups of individuals involved and their relations; the established translation practices and the standards adopted for the use of citation. It is analyzed the context in which the sciences , as known by people of the Antiquity and Middle Age, developed in the scope of Euclid´s elements; the main scientists of the Middle Ages are identified and the translations made at the time of Alfonso X are listed. At the end of the research some aspects of similarity of the practices as presented nowadays and those in XII and XIII centuries are verified, such as practices of citation, research groups, relation one to one among scientists, the importance of publishing, the existence of a nucleus for publishing as previous to the figure of an editor and a translation method used by the sages of Toledo. It has also been seen the practice of scientific before scientific communication which is different from those nowadays. This fact can be historically justified for the existence of very few literate people and the need to make science understandable to those few an valuable educational instrument