O regime de verdade das redes sociais on-line: pós-verdade e desinformação nas eleições presidenciais de 2018

Abstract

The present research aims at analyzing the false news stories conveyed in the Brazilian presidential elections of 2018. Thus, the dissertation defines and contextualizes the current post-truth era. It explains the concept of truth from Foucault's point of view, and theorizes about the different post-truth approaches, which aim to understand the factors that led to indifference to objective facts by preference for emotional appeals and personal beliefs. Clarifies the reasons that led to the avalanches of fake news on social networks. It describes and exemplifies the elements and the phases that consolidate the informational disorder, fomented by the fake news. It analyzes some misleading political contents, based on a methodological attempt based on the European Report Information Disorder: towards an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making, with the purpose of understanding the phenomenon of disinformation, as well as performing the critical analysis of the speech, according to Fairclough (2001), in order to search the relations between the content of the discourse and the external aspects. It examines the behavior of the interpreters through a misleading message posted on Facebook, unraveling their distinct forms of engagement and reach. It discusses the importance of the rescue of the truth regime of journalism based on the Foucaultian meaning, in order to highlight how mechanisms, protocols and sanctions are established that seek to guarantee the "truth" of the journalistic field. It also addresses the history and the new professional fact-checking niches in coping with the circulation of fake news. It presents the results of the data collected from the survey questionnaire applied to Facebook users to ascertain and understand the informational behavior of the users. Finally, the research highlights the relevance of the continuity of studies in greater depth, because this dissertation is an attempt to understand a complex phenomenon, which is disinformation.